Battling for Water campaign by WaterAid India aimed at access to water for everyone, everywhere

With the aim of reminding the youth and urban India, - water saved is water produced, the WaterAid India launched the 2023 edition of the ‘Batting For Water’ Campaign to ensure full access to clean drinking water in every home, the campaign strives to support women and young girls in rural India. In recent years, rural India witnessed substantial public investment through the government in the form of Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) which aims to provide safe and adequate drinking water through individual household tap connections to all rural households by 2024. To have a long lasting impact complementing efforts are required by other stakeholders like private sector, individual citizens, students in schools, colleges to make this a movement owned by everyone everywhere to achieve the dream of 100% water access in a sustainable way...!

After gaining remarkable success in 2021, the ‘Batting For Water’ campaign is continuing its momentum this year as well, emphasising the need for citizens of India to play their role by linking this movement with the great game of cricket, thereby regarding it as similar to playing with a partial bat. Just as a triumph in cricket necessitates the complete bat, so do the aspirations of individuals living in marginalised communities, particularly women and young girls in rural areas hinge upon 100% access to "water". In a nation that has 17.7% of the global population and has only 4% of global freshwater resources, there exists a dire need to address the challenges faced by those who lack full access to clean water by uniting people to attain a shared goal – “Har Ghar Jal”. Collaborations with renowned cricketers and celebrities generated substantial public involvement during the previous campaign. This year's efforts also seek to join forces with such notable figures especially when India is hosting the ICC Men’s Cricket World Cup to sensitise the masses and boost active participation to save water through better practices – we need to dedicate this World Cup to a spirit of our collective efforts to compliment the movement of water access to every household. This movement is to remind the public that “water saved is water produced”.  

Looking forward to another year of the campaign and showing enthusiasm about its continued impact, Vikas Kataria, Director of Resource Mobilisation and Communications, WaterAid India, said, "WaterAid India takes immense pride that our endeavours align seamlessly with the UN's Sustainable Development Goal - Safe & Affordable Water to All. With the 'Batting For Water' campaign, we seek to build unity and gain unwavering support from every individual to come forward and align harmoniously with the objective of achieving 100% access to water across the nation through responsive water habits. We believe that access to clean and safe water resources closer to habitation holds the potential to transform lives and uplift the dignity of individuals belonging to the rural community and help build our nation." 

He further added, “The organisation is committed to ensuring safe and equitable access to drinking water for marginalised and vulnerable communities. Through the implementation of community-based piped water supply systems, water quality testing and monitoring, rainwater harvesting, groundwater recharge structures, water recycling and the installation of hygiene facilities in schools, urban areas, and villages, WaterAid India is effecting lasting change for millions across the country. The government has achieved great success by taking important strides in this regard over the last few years and it is important that those efforts are complimented by other stakeholders.”

The ‘Batting For Water’ campaign represents a unique opportunity for our cricketers who are celebrated in India and for the change-makers, influencers, and our citizens across the nation to make a tangible difference by taking action towards responsible water usage within their own domains. Through this innovative approach, people can collaborate to achieve the seemingly impossible and empower every rural household for a long lasting, equitable access to drinking water and a dignified life. Together, we can ensure that clean water is not only a basic human right but also a potent weapon in the battle for public health.

Adolescents & Youth at risk, OTT programs are replete with tobacco scenes influence them

The most shocking reality is that 12-16-year-old adolescents who watched scenes of their stars on the OTT were 2-3 times more likely to try smoking," revealed Dr. Uma Kumar, Professor at AIIMS, Delhi...

Dr. Shekhar Mande, National President of Vigyan Bharati, an RSS-affiliated organization, has emphasized the critical importance of implementing tobacco warnings on Over-The-Top (OTT) platforms. He stated that this initiative is not only scientifically justified but also culturally necessary. This was echoed by Mr. Priyank Kanungo, Chairperson of the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR), who firmly asserted that efforts to make tobacco use attractive on OTT platforms will not be permitted to succeed. He further announced that 10 lakh school students across the country will actively promote awareness in this regard. Distinguished educationists and public health experts also lauded the introduction of tobacco warnings, highlighting their pivotal role in safeguarding the health of children and youth.

On May 31st, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) introduced regulations mandating tobacco warnings on OTT platforms, which came into effect on September 1st. However, while these rules are now in force, the government is still in the process of addressing concerns raised by the OTT industry, with potential accommodations expected soon.

Dr. Shekhar Mande, President of Vijnana Bharati and Former Director General of CSIR, emphasized the robust scientific evidence supporting tobacco control measures and their indispensable role in safeguarding citizens' health. He stated, “Scientific research unambiguously underscores tobacco's detrimental health impact. Equally robust is the evidence supporting the efficacy of tobacco control measures. Embracing these measures is our collective responsibility to safeguard our citizens. The Government of India, driven by its commitment to citizen welfare, has taken a commendable step by introducing warnings on OTT content. In instances where tobacco-related scenes are depicted on OTT series or movies, health spots will reinforce the message of potential hazards.”

Dr. Mande, recipient of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize, India's highest science award, noted, "Scientific research backs this initiative, demonstrating how various entertainment platforms can inadvertently promote tobacco products."

During a webinar hosted by Tobacco Free India, a group of concerned citizens, a panel of distinguished speakers gathered to discuss the critical issue of tobacco glamorization on OTT platforms. The discussion, titled "Countering Tobacco Glamorization for a Healthier Next-Generation," examined the impact of tobacco imagery on young minds and the role of new regulations in addressing this concern.

The panel, featuring notable experts in the fields of healthcare, child rights, and science, also included Mr. Priyank Kanoongo, Chairperson of the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR); Dr. Surekha Kishore, First Executive Director of AIIMS Gorakhpur; Dr. Uma Kumar, Founder Head of the Rheumatology Department at AIIMS Delhi; and Dr. Shyama Chona, a prominent educationist, Padma Bhushan awardee, and Founder-President of the Tamana Association.

NCPCR Chairperson Urges Early Implementation of Restrictions on Tobacco Scenes on OTT

Mr. Priyank Kanoongo, Chairperson of NCPCR, voiced his strong support for the earliest possible implementation of restrictions on tobacco scenes on OTT platforms. He underscored the vulnerability of youth to the glamorization of tobacco and emphasized the need for proactive measures. Mr. Kanoongo stated, "Our young population remains especially vulnerable to the glamorization of tobacco. The Global Youth Tobacco Survey reveals that over half of students notice anti-tobacco messages in mass media. Our unwavering responsibility is to protect them from the harmful allure of tobacco." He announced that 10 lakh children across the country will commence an awareness campaign through Prahari Clubs established in schools nationwide.

Tobacco Epidemic Claims 13.5 Lakh Lives, OTT Rules Essential for Saving Lives: Dr. Surekha Kishore

Dr. Surekha Kishore, First Executive Director of AIIMS Gorakhpur, emphasized the critical role of tobacco warning rules for OTT platforms. Highlighting the alarming statistics of tobacco-related deaths, she noted, "In India, around 1.35 million lives are lost to tobacco-related diseases every year. This staggering figure underscores the pressing need for unified efforts against the tobacco epidemic. In recent years, OTT platforms have emerged as a powerful medium of entertainment for millions. Their responsibility cannot be underestimated. It's vital for the entertainment industry to embrace its role in shaping perceptions and influencing choices."

Prominent educationist Shyama Chona, recipient of India's highest civilian awards, Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan, stressed that when the question concerns the lives and health of millions of children, the OTT industry should prioritize children's future over profits. She asserted that it is the industry's responsibility to provide wholesome entertainment to its viewers, and they cannot shirk this responsibility.

Dr. Uma Kumar, Founder Head of the Rheumatology Department at AIIMS Delhi and recipient of the National Award for Science Communication by the President of India, also wholeheartedly supported the comprehensive and immediate implementation of OTT regulations. She highlighted that these rules are a welcome step by the government, especially in safeguarding children's health. The industry should wholeheartedly embrace them.

Supratip Bhattacharya and Parikshita Deka's groundbreaking entry into the world of music

Nipun qualified from the 'Bhatkhande Sangeet Vidyalaya' Parikshita Deka and the Singer, composer Supratip Bhattacharya rose among the thousands of contestants to win the Hipi GOAT 2 singing challenge. They emerged as shining stars, captivating audiences with unparalleled vocal prowess and distinct artistic expression. This victory not only marks a personal triumph for Supratip Bhattachraya and Pratiksha Deka, but also signifies a groundbreaking entry into the world of music.,..

The spotlight has shone brightly on musical brilliance, Hipi G.O.A.T. 2, singing challenge on Hipi, as it culminated with emergence of many a fresh talent onto the digital stage. The resounding success of Hipi G.O.A.T. 2 underscores its unparalleled capacity to create life-changing opportunities for exceptional musical talents across India.

Guided by the remarkable Palak Muchhal, a true luminary of the music industry, Hipi G.O.A.T. 2 unfolded as a journey of discovery, passion, and artistry. The contest celebrated the boundless talent of Indian music creators and provided them with a unique platform to highlight their vocal gifts. The extraordinary numbers of participants, and the video views during this journey testify to the extraordinary impact that Hipi G.O.A.T. 2 has had on the musical landscape.

GBS Bindra, Chief Business Officer at Hipi said, "Hipi G.O.A.T. 2 has been an amazing journey, showcasing the diverse and exceptional musical talents that India has to offer. The massive participation and the overwhelming response reaffirm our commitment to providing a platform that empowers creators and nurtures their talents. We are immensely proud of the impact this contest has had on the lives of talented individuals."

With an astounding 350,000+ video submissions and 1.2 billion cumulative video views, Hipi G.O.A.T. 2 succeeded in bringing voices from every corner of the nation. Participants from across the country showcased their musical talent creating a tapestry of harmonious melodies.

Throughout the journey, Hipi G.O.A.T. 2 remained steadfast in its commitment to nurturing creativity. Mentorship and duet opportunities with the illustrious Sireesha Bhagavatula, coupled with cash prizes, celebrated the journey of every participant and winner, solidifying Hipi's reputation as a platform that changes lives.

The grand winner's triumphant moment was crowned with the opportunity to record an original song for a music video, a collaboration set to be launched by the esteemed Zee Music Company. This victory is not just a personal achievement but a testament to the potential of platforms like Hipi to shape the future of the music industry.

Parikshita Deka is a multi-talented vocalist hailing from Guwahati, Assam. With the prestigious Nipun qualification from the 'Bhatkhande Sangeet Vidyalaya', Parikshita was widely celebrated as she clinched the title of gold medalist and emerged as a top 6 contestant on the music reality show SA RE GA MA PA, 2018, on Zee TV. Parikshita Deka's journey is a testament to her musical brilliance and unyielding dedication, inspiring music enthusiasts across the nation.

Supratip has not one but multiple feathers to his cap. From being a playback singer, composer, lyricist, performer to a music director, he's indeed an all-rounder. Supratip's journey begins from the well know reality show Zee Bangla's 'Sa Re Ga Ma Pa',2017 as a participant and the finalist. During the show he made his Tollywood debut as a playback singer to director, Raj Chakraborty's movie "Champ". As a music director his debut movie "Kulpi" became the talk of the town upon releasing on 29th July 2022.

Hipi, is a short-video platform that brings together moments of joy, inspiration, and discovery. The platform empowers brands and merchants to harness the power of storytelling and product discovery in an industry-changing, retail marketing environment. 

Remarkable women entrepreneurs at ABWCI & WIN's - Breaking the Glass Ceiling: The Anecdotes of Impact

Inspiring talks by accomplished women pioneers narrating their journeys filled with determination and fearlessness, by by women leader Naina Ruhail (Founder and Co-CEO, Vanity Wagon), Pushpanjali Chawla (Author and Entrepreneur), Aastha Goel (Author), Pooja Bagrecha (Founder, Amayra Jewellery) Sonal Malhotra (Entrepreneur) and Harpreeth Suri (Influencer) was the highlight of this engaging event moderated by Stuti Jalan (Founder WIN)...

The Association of Business Women in Commerce & Industry (ABWCI) and Women Inspiring Network (WIN), an inspirational storytelling network organized a panel discussion titled "Breaking the Glass Ceiling – The Anecdotes of Impact." The initiative under the aegis of the G20/W20 Secretariat and ABWCI’s initiative  #WomenInVyapaar  brought together remarkable women entrepreneurs from diverse backgrounds to share their unfiltered stories. The panel discussion was a W20 Jan Bhagidari event powered by Women Inspiring Network (WIN) with support from Think through Consulting (TTC).   

Dr. Ambika Sharma, CEO of ABWCI, "We are thrilled with the response to our debut panel session for #WomenInVyapar. Every woman who graced our panel was the epitome of empowerment and leadership, and the women of today who are heading on the journey to be the leaders of tomorrow. We are grateful to each of them who shared and inspired us with their motivational stories of their journey. We hope to organize more such discussions where women inspire other women and create an environment that encourages gender equality and inclusive business practices." 

Stuti Jalan, Founder of Women Inspiring Network (WIN), said, “It was an encouraging affair where the women spoke their hearts out and inspired other women with their inspirational stories. We are proud that WIN was a part of such an engaging initiative by ABWCI and offer our humble gratitude to the team. We are sure that initiatives like these will bring a ray of hope, encouragement, and desire among women to be the leaders of their dreams”. 

Harpreeth Suri, Influencer, shares her thoughts, “I was a part of this fantastic Panel yesterday discussing Gender inequality, economic empowerment and work life balance etc. These were some of the most important topics that were put on the table during this insightful discussion. Women across the panels shared their inspiring stories, which led to soo much learning for all. It was a great learning session that definitely gave all an insight into the lives of today’s women who is in command and yet she has real struggles & challenges and we also shared our experiences of overcoming these and our journey of breaking the glass ceiling”. 

The event witnessed prominent women entrepreneurs and leaders from diverse sectors like Naina Ruhail (Founder and Co-CEO, Vanity Wagon), Pushpanjali Chawla (Author and Entrepreneur), Aastha Goel (Author), Pooja Bagrecha (Founder, Amayra Jewellery) Sonal Malhotra (Entrepreneur) and Harpreeth Suri (Influencer), who shared their inspiring stories of determination, growth, and resilience.  

The panel discussion not only provided a platform for sharing anecdotes and experiences to the women leader but also contributed to the shared vision of the G20/W20 Secretariat, ABWCI, and WIN to promote gender equality and women's participation in the economy.  

The event also marked the launch of “I AM WHERE I AM”, an online dialogue series that aims to amplify the voices of women entrepreneurs who have broken barriers and achieved excellence in their respective fields 

Speaking about Beer and Health: Debunking myths and discussing moderation

"Beer is one of the oldest and most beloved drinks in the world. It’s been part of our culture for thousands of years, and that’s why it’s no surprise that there are so many myths and misunderstandings about its health effects. Let us take a look at some of the most common myths about beer and how to enjoy it in moderation," says Avneet Singh, Founder, Medusa Beverages Pvt. Ltd who clarifies further in the myth surrounding it...!

Myth#1 Drinking beer before liquor will make you sicker. 

It’s one of the most common misconceptions that drinking beer before drinking hard liquor will make you sick. In reality, the order in which you drink alcohol doesn’t have much of an impact on how your body metabolizes it. In fact, the sickness that’s often caused by mixing different kinds of alcohol has more to do with how much you drink and how often you drink it, rather than what order you drink it in. So, if you’re going to drink alcohol, it’s important to drink it in moderation and pace yourself. 

 Myth#2 Drinking too much beer causes “Beer Belly” 

Fear of a “beer belly” has caused people to think that beer is the only thing that causes belly fat. But belly fat isn’t caused by beer, it’s caused by eating too many calories from all over. Yes, beer does have calories, and eating too many high calorie drinks can cause belly fat. But it’s not that you’re having a light beer that’s causing your belly to bulge. It’s the difference between how much you eat and how much you drink. 

Myth#3 Light beer are the healthier choices 

Promoted as a more health-conscious substitute for regular beers, light beers have contributed to the misconception that they are the superior choice. Despite typically having lower calorie content, it is delusional to assume they are inherently better for all health-conscious individuals. It is crucial to take into account factors beyond caloric intake, including individual taste inclinations and nutritional composition. Furthermore, certain studies propose that individuals might unconsciously consume larger quantities of light beer to offset the reduced calorie load, essentially ignoring the intended advantages. 

Myth#4 Bottled beer is better than canned 

The debate between bottled beer and canned beer has given rise to another persistent myth. While some argue that bottled beer is superior in taste and quality, and others believe canned beer is more environmentally friendly, the truth is that both packaging methods have their pros and cons. Modern canning technology has improved significantly, ensuring that canned beer maintains its flavor and quality. The choice between bottled and canned beer is often a matter of personal preference rather than a clear health or taste advantage. 

 Myth#5 All beers should be served cold 

The idea that all beers should be served ice-cold is a myth that can affect the enjoyment of various beer styles. While it's true that certain lighter and milder beers are traditionally served colder, many craft beers, ales, and stouts benefit from slightly warmer temperatures. Extreme cold can dull the flavors and aromas of these beers, limiting the depth of the tasting experience. Knowing the appropriate serving temperature for different beer styles can enhance your enjoyment and appreciation of their unique characteristics. 

Amidst the myths and misconceptions, the crucial concept of moderation should not be overlooked. Beer, like any alcoholic beverage, can be enjoyed responsibly and even offer certain health benefits when consumed in moderation. Moderate beer consumption has been linked to potential cardiovascular benefits, as well as the social and psychological advantages of enjoying a beverage in a social setting. 

In conclusion, separating fact from fiction is essential when discussing beer and health. While myths like the order of consumption or the source of a beer belly have persisted, it's clear that moderation is the key to responsibly enjoying beer. 

Indo-German collaboration: Upskilling Certification Linked to Nursing Employment in Germany

About 2,000 students in the inaugural year would be selected to go to Germany to study the Upskilling Certification Linked Cpirse to Nursing Employment, that would educate students to undergo intensive full-time training meticulously crafted to meet German standards, thereby opening up Career Opportunities in Healthcare Sector...

The goal is for 50 Indian healthcare professionals to be sent from India to Germany each month, with intentions to raise this quota in the future.

Indo-Euro Synchronization (IES) proudly announced the groundbreaking event, ‘Upskilling Certification Linked to Nursing Employment in Germany’, which took place on August 19th at India Habitat Centre in New Delhi. The event served as a catalyst for fostering collaborations between Germany and India while prominently spotlighting the wealth of lucrative career opportunities within the health sector, particularly in the field of nursing.

At the inaugural stage, IES has set the ambitious goal of selecting 2000 students from diverse regions across India in its inaugural year. The selection process is based on comprehensive counselling and rigorous psychometric evaluations, with a primary focus on B.Sc. Nursing students. IES plans to gradually expand this number in the subsequent years. Upon successful selection, students will undergo intensive full-time training meticulously crafted to meet German standards, conducted within Indian centres. After obtaining certification, all candidates will receive robust support in securing desirable employment positions in Germany's healthcare industry.

The event witnessed a confluence of esteemed guests and experts hailing from both India and Germany, reinforcing the commitment to forging stronger bonds between the two nations. Among the distinguished attendees were Mr Raj Vangapandu, President of Indo-Euro Synchronization, and Mr. Venkat Reddy, Managing Director of Cross Culture Careers. These luminaries shared their insights and perspectives on the expansive potential for collaboration and growth within the dynamic healthcare industry.

Mr Lukas Rogge, Head of Global Business Operation, Calmoroi Germany said: "It's truly my pleasure to introduce an innovative solution targeting the healthcare professional shortage, focusing on India. Our skilled team is committed to addressing Germany's pressing deficit of 1.8 million healthcare professionals. Through collaboration, we're facilitating the transition of up to 50 Indian healthcare professionals per month to Germany, with plans to increase this number. This initiative span locations and begins with language training in India, forming a solid foundation for seamless integration.”

Further he added that we're creating a legacy of shared expertise and international collaboration in healthcare and technology. Our vision extends beyond healthcare, aiming for a long-term partnership with India that drives mutual growth. This partnership underscores the power of innovation and collaboration, promising a brighter future for healthcare, technology, and humanity."

Venkat Reddy, MD,  Cross Culture Career said that today marks a pivotal moment for Germany's medical sector. We are introducing a transformative initiative to recruit and integrate skilled healthcare professionals from India into Germany. This is a milestone for German healthcare, as we endeavour to bridge the healthcare worker gap. Our aim is to seamlessly integrate skilled Indian professionals into the German healthcare sector.

“Germany stands as a beacon of promising career prospects for nurses, extending its allure to both domestic and international candidates. The nation's robust healthcare system and the escalating demand for skilled healthcare professionals converge to create an environment of rich growth and development opportunities for nursing professionals. Key features of nursing career prospects in Germany include high demand, diversified roles, competitive compensation and benefits, avenues for career progression, and a vibrant tapestry of cultural diversity,” he added.

In reflecting on the resounding success of the event, Ms Om Sri COO, IES, remarked, "Our event has unlocked doors for aspiring students and professionals seeking fulfilling careers in Germany's healthcare domain. We are truly elated to have established a platform that bridges the gap between raw talent and boundless opportunities, all while nurturing Indo-German partnerships."

Furthermore, she underscored IES's robust network with esteemed German employers in the realm of hospital chains. This strategic network empowers students by providing essential employment linkages, setting them on a path towards sustainable placements. She affirmed that IES has synergised the formidable demand from the German industrial sector through collaborations with esteemed German universities. The outcome is a well-crafted avenue for skilled and eligible nurses to embark on an empowered career journey in Germany.

More Women are investing in Equity Funds, save more than men for investments

A recent survey showed 42% Surge in Women Investors in 2023 with 87% of them preferring Equity Funds, and the interesting aspect is that Women Save 5% More for Future Goals than Men...

 

Another trend is that Women's goal-based SIP investments show an impressive 19% lower stoppage rate, reflecting their long-term commitment to financial goals

 

An in-depth study among 3,763 women clients from the age bracket of 23 to 76 years in August 2023 on the occasion of Women’s Equality Day was carried out by a private investment management company FinEdge.

 

The study unveiled a remarkable 42% rise in women investors, saving 5% more for future goals than men. Notably, 30.82% of women prioritize retirement planning, signalling a major trend shift. Women also showed resilience in goal-based SIP investments, with a 19% lower stoppage rate, emphasizing their commitment to long-term financial goals."

 

Harsh Gahlaut, CEO, FinEdge said "We are delighted to see more and more women leading the way and helming their family's financial plan. Temperamentally, women make better investors than men as they are less speculative, and more purpose driven. This makes them excellent long-term investors as their resilience allows them to benefit from compounding. We are certain that this trend will gather momentum in the next 3-5 years”.

 

In regional breakdown, the West and North zones had strong female investor percentages at 34.54% and 32.98%, respectively. However, the East zone lagged with only 7.54% women investors."

 

Women have distinct financial challenges, requiring a unique investment approach

The study also aimed to uncover some of the key challenges mentioned below that women investors face on their wealth creation journey:

Career breaks for family care

Excessive risk aversion affecting returns

Distrust in sales-focused advisors 

Limited awareness of key investing concepts

Confidence gaps due to traditional gender roles

More and more women are focusing on their own retirement

Retirement planning is gaining traction among women. A notable 30.82% prioritize it, second only to child education planning at 32.82%. This shift marks a new era where women independently plan for retirement or contribute equally to joint plans, ensuring financial resilience in unforeseen life events.

"Without a doubt, the increasing number of women who are entering the work force and excelling at their careers is driving the trend towards increased financial independence", said Gahlaut.

When guided properly, women embrace measured risk taking and benefit from compounding

Another interesting inference was that 87% of women opt for equity-oriented SIP investments, slightly below men at 89.9%. This This statistic is a clear indicator that the new generation of women investors are no longer shackled by their innate risk aversion. The average age of women investors was found to be 38.67 years, which was around 2 years less than the average age for male investors, which came in at 40.34 years.

 

Women are investing more than men for their goals, with clear and holistic goal-based plans

On average, women have 3.47 financial goals, while men have 3.74, showcasing a holistic approach. Women invest an average of Rs. 14,347 monthly, slightly higher than men at Rs. 13,704, challenging traditional assumptions. Notably, women show a 5% higher monthly savings rate for future goals. Additionally, women's SIP investments have a 19% lower stoppage rate, affirming their resilience as long-term investors."

 

Women’s investment management needs are unique, differ from those of men

FinEdge also conducted detailed feedback sessions with their investment experts who manage investments for women clients, to glean qualitative insights on what women look for in their investing platforms. The following factors topped the list:

Survey Methodology

The survey was conducted by FinEdge in the month of August this year. The sample is comprised of 3,763 women clients of FinEdge from the age bracket of 23 to 76 years. The study includes clients from across the region ranging from the West, East, North and South.